Urine test

 How a Urine Test is Done (Simple Explanation in English)

1. Before Collecting the Sample

The first morning urine sample is best.

Wash the genital area properly.

Throw away the first few drops and collect the midstream urine in the container.

Use a clean, sterile bottle provided by the lab.

---

2. Collecting the Sample

Collect about 20–30 ml of urine.

Write your name, age, date, and time on the container.

Submit it to the laboratory as soon as possible.

---

3. Types of Urine Examination

1. Physical Examination

Colour

Odour

Clarity (clear or cloudy)

Volume

2. Chemical Examination

Sugar (Glucose)

Protein

Ketones

pH

Specific Gravity

Bilirubin, Urobilinogen

3. Microscopic Examination

RBCs (Red Blood Cells)

WBCs (White Blood Cells)

Epithelial cells

Crystals

Casts

Bacteria

---

4. Special Tests

Urine Culture & Sensitivity – to find the bacteria causing infection and which antibiotic works best.

24-hour Urine Test – for proteins, creatinine, hormones, etc.