How a Urine Test is Done (Simple Explanation in English)
1. Before Collecting the Sample
The first morning urine sample is best.
Wash the genital area properly.
Throw away the first few drops and collect the midstream urine in the container.
Use a clean, sterile bottle provided by the lab.
---
2. Collecting the Sample
Collect about 20–30 ml of urine.
Write your name, age, date, and time on the container.
Submit it to the laboratory as soon as possible.
---
3. Types of Urine Examination
1. Physical Examination
Colour
Odour
Clarity (clear or cloudy)
Volume
2. Chemical Examination
Sugar (Glucose)
Protein
Ketones
pH
Specific Gravity
Bilirubin, Urobilinogen
3. Microscopic Examination
RBCs (Red Blood Cells)
WBCs (White Blood Cells)
Epithelial cells
Crystals
Casts
Bacteria
---
4. Special Tests
Urine Culture & Sensitivity – to find the bacteria causing infection and which antibiotic works best.
24-hour Urine Test – for proteins, creatinine, hormones, etc.
